What is the influence of particulate matter on the climate?

In general, it can be said there is a coherence between climate change and air quality, albeit a complex one. As such, a great deal of additional scientific research is required in order to understand this coherence. Certain pollutants, among which elementary carbon (but also ozone) induce a temperature rise through heat adsorption, whereas others, such as SO2 (reflecting properties) lead to climate cooling. Some studies state elementary carbon would be the second or third most important pollutant in terms of global warming. Elementary carbon is a fraction of particulate matter and originates mainly from incomplete burning processes. Black carbon is also considered a measure for diesel soot (diesel engines are the main source of black carbon in Europe). Measures to reduce these emissions might show results for the climate on the short term, seeing as diesel soot is a (controlable) source of particulate matter.